Interrogé par nos confrères du journal Le Temoin, le professeur Cheikh FAYE, par ailleurs cadre de La République des Valeurs, residant au Canada, s’est largement illustré par ses pertinentes et percutentes analyses sur les situations sociale et économique du pays.
A la question de savoir, ce qui explique le subit regain du foncier au Sénégal, le professeur étale la problématique en trois raisons.
La première est à chercher dans les pratiques d’accaparement des terres par l’élite politico-administrative à des fins spéculatives. Ces pratiques sont devenues effrénées, voire généralisées sous le règne du Président Macky Sall. C’est donc une infime minorité, qui détourne à des fins personnelles, les prérogatives qu’elle tient du peuple pour se constituer un capital financier personnel et/ou des fonds politiques destinés à acheter et fidéliser une clientèle partisane. De plus, les visées de plusieurs compagnies multinationales favorisent cette boulimie foncière en étant un facteur d’accélération de la dépossession des terres appartenant aux masses paysannes à leur exclusif profit sous prétexte d’investissements massifs. L’implantation de grandes firmes horticoles et agricoles le long du fleuve Sénégal en est une parfaite illustration. Certaines de ces terres leur ont été cédées par des membres de l’élite politico-administrative qui en étaient attributaires au détriment des paysans qui les cultivaient. La seconde raison explicative tient aux effets d’un retour de bâton. Rappelez-vous, dès son arrivée au pouvoir, le Président Macky Sall avait mis en place une Commission nationale de la réforme foncière (CNRF). La CNRF était présidée, d’abord, par Me Doudou NDoye, qui a fini très vite par jeter l’éponge face au manque de moyens et de volonté politique du régime. Il est remplacé par le Professeur Moustapha Sourang qui a fait, avec son équipe, un travail remarquable, dont les principales recommandations pouvaient servir de rampe à la mise en place d’une ambitieuse réforme qui aurait favoriser, entres autres, une gestion foncière plus équitable et plus transparente, qui garantirait la sécurité foncière des populations et favoriserait les activités économiques. Le Président de la République a jeté ces recommandations à la poubelle, puis dissout la CNRF moins de deux moins après la remise de son rapport. Donc, ce regain foncier que l’on enregistre aujourd’hui n’est que le résultat de l’inaction du Président Macky Sall à travers son rejet de solutions qui auraient pu changer positivement la gestion de la question foncière. Troisième et dernière raison, ce regain foncier s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’utilisation massive et généralisée des réseaux sociaux. Le sénégalais habitant à MBane, NDingler, Keur Samba Kane ou Guéréo, qui se sent lésé, peut rapidement alerter sur la spoliation dont il pense être victime et provoquer un élan de solidarité sur les réseaux sociaux, lequel va finir par une mobilisation sur le terrain.
Sur la publication des rapports de l’IGE et de la demande du président de la république aux ministres de procéder à une déclaration de patrimoine, Dr FAYE argue ainsi dans ‹‹ Le Temoin ›› : ‹‹ Ces deux évènements que vous évoquez, publication des rapports de l’IGE et rappel de l’obligation de déclarer son patrimoine, ne semblent pas liés étant donné que la déclaration de patrimoine relève de la compétence de l’OFNAC et non celle de l’IGE. Toutefois, il est possible de penser que ces deux évènements participent à un même objectif, purement politique : la neutralisation de certaines personnes ou franges du pouvoir bien ciblées. En effet, la question pertinente qui se pose est de savoir pourquoi maintenant ? Pourquoi, après 5 ans de retard dans la publication de ses rapports, l’IGE se décide à les rendre publics ? La fin de mandat prochaine du Vérificateur général du Sénégal, le patron de l’IGE, n’expliquerait pas tout. Pourquoi, après moult rappels de la Présidente de l’OFNAC, sous le regard indifférent du Président de la République, celui-ci sort brusquement de sa torpeur et enjoint ses collaborateurs de procéder, illico presto, à leur déclaration de patrimoine ? Ces questions sont légitimes et pertinentes tant le Président Macky Sall nous a habitués à prendre des décisions où les calculs et considérations politiques priment ››.
Pour ainsi conclure son entretien avec nos confrères de Le Temoin, le camarade de Thierno Alassane SALL voit en la gestion de la pandémie au Sénégal, ‹‹ un echec patent et indiscutable ››.
Pour ce responsable de La République des Valeurs résidant au Canada, ‹‹ Il importe d’emblée de préciser que cet échec est celui du Gouvernement et il est non imputable au personnel de santé (toutes catégories professionnelles confondues), qui a démontré sa compétence, fait preuve d’engagement et montré son sens du dévouement remarquable. L’échec du Gouvernement peut s’analyser sous 4 angles : au plan stratégique, au plan du management, au plan de la communication et au plan sanitaire
Au plan stratégique, on peut noter, d’abord, une absence d’anticipation du gouvernement : officiellement, le Centre des opérations d’urgence sanitaire (COUS) n’a été actionné que le 2 mars 2020, date d’apparition du premier cas de covid-19 au Sénégal alors que l’OMS avait déclaré l’épidémie de COVID-19 comme urgence de santé publique de portée internationale le 30 janvier 2020. Ensuite, ce fût une erreur de privilégier, au départ de la pandémie, une approche bio-médicale au détriment d’une approche inclusive communautaire. C’est maintenant qu’on a commencé à s’y mettre en essayant d’apporter quelques corrections. Enfin, ce fût une erreur d’accorder la priorité aux mesures sociales (achat et distribution de riz, huile, sucre, etc.) au lieu d’intensifier les mesures préventives au plan sanitaire et de travailler à la modification des comportements.
Au plan du management, on a assisté, à une trop grande centralisation de la gestion par un noyau dur au sein du Ministère au début de l’épidémie. Aussi, il y a eu une concentration des moyens au sommet au détriment des districts sanitaires. Les pétitions et sorties publiques de plusieurs segments du secteur de la santé réclamant leur implication dans la gestion de la pandémie en est la preuve. La nébulosité dans l’octroi des marchés d’aides alimentaires, des équipements de santé et l’étirement des délais de distribution (prévus en 15 jours ils ont duré, finalement, plus de 4 mois) constituent des preuves irréfutables de mauvaise gestion de la pandémie.
Au plan de la communication, le manque de cohérence avec des messages contradictoires, comme par exemple les marchés restent ouverts alors les mosquées sont fermées, ont fait le lit du déni, du rejet, de la stigmatisation, voire de la défiance. Aussi, le fait que le Président de la République demande aux sénégalais d’apprendre à vivre avec le virus est assimilable à une démission, un abandon, une désertion du Général en rase campagne et sa capitulation devant la Covid-19.
Enfin au plan sanitaire, on est confronté à une multiplication et à une accélération des cas : exemple le nombre de morts enregistré en juin dépasse celui des 3 mois précédents. La gestion de la covid-19 a mis en exergue les insuffisances des structures et moyens sanitaires : les structures hospitalières ont été vite débordées. Ce qui a donné lieu à l’ouverture de nouveaux lieux de prise en charge extra hospitalière. L’aggravation de cette situation a conduit, récemment, à l’instauration d’une prise en charge domiciliaire. Enfin, le Ministère de la santé se montre incapable de réaliser les objectifs qu’il s’était lui-même assignés : il prévoyait de réaliser 4 000 tests / jour alors qu’il peine toujours à atteindre le nombre de 1 500 /jour.
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