Brexit: L’UE Et Le Royaume-Uni Trouvent Un Accord

Le Premier ministre britannique Boris Johnson et la présidente de la Commission européenne Ursula von der Leyen lors de négociations autour du Brexit à Bruxelles, le 9 décembre

Comme un cadeau de Noël : après dix mois de négociations tendues et laborieuses, l’Union européenne et le Royaume-Uni sont enfin parvenus à un accord de sources européennes sur leur future relation commerciale et évitent donc in extremis un « no deal », à une semaine de la rupture définitive. Retour sur quatre ans de laborieuses négociations, depuis le référendum en 2016, lorsque les Britanniques ont décidé de quitter l’UE.

Le 23 juin 2016, par référendum, les Britanniques disent « oui » au Brexit à 51,9% des voix. Le Premier ministre David Cameron, qui était contre le départ de l’UE, est remplacé à la tête du pays par Theresa May, qui enclenche le processus de négociation le 29 mars 2017, pour deux ans et en deux temps : d’abord modalités du divorce, puis élaboration des futures relations Londres-Bruxelles.

Sur le premier point, l’accord est approuvé le 25 novembre 2018 lors d’un sommet européen extraordinaire. Mais à trois reprises, les députés britanniques le rejettent. Le Brexit est reporté au 22 mars, puis au 31 octobre. Theresa May est contrainte d’organiser les élections européennes le 23 mai.

Les négociations de la future relation : un accord presque impossible

Affaiblie, Theresa May démissionne le 7 juin 2019 – elle est alors remplacée par Boris Johnson, partisan d’un Brexit avec ou sans accord. Le 9 janvier 2020 les députés britanniques finissent par accepter une nouvelle version de l’accord : le Royaume-Uni quitte l’Union européenne le 31 janvier.

Il faut maintenant négocier la future relation Londres-Bruxelles, et adapter des centaines de traités, avec comme points de contention la pêche, les droits de douane, et le futur règlement des différends commerciaux entre Londres et Bruxelles.

Le 9 septembre, le gouvernement britannique annonce son intention de revenir sur certains de ses engagements pris au moment du Brexit concernant l’Irlande du Nord. Il reconnaît qu’il s’agit d’une violation du droit international. Le 1er octobre, l’Union européenne déclenche une procédure d’infraction.

Author: La Rédaction

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