Le Britannique a été élu procureur pour un mandat de neuf ans, vendredi 12 février, lors d’un vote à bulletin secret. Faute d’avoir atteint un consensus, les États-parties ont dû, pour la première fois, en passer par un vote.
Après des mois de consultations, c’est finalement à l’issue d’un vote que Karim Khan a été choisi pour succéder à la Gambienne Fatou Bensouda au poste de procureur de la Cour pénale internationale (CPI). Les 123 pays membres l’ont désigné vendredi au cours de la session annuelle de l’Assemblée des États-parties qui s’est tenue à New York.
Le troisième procureur de la Cour de La Haye succèdera en juin à Fatou Bensouda, qui avait été nommée par consensus en 2011, comme cela avait été le cas pour son prédécesseur, l’Argentin Luis Moreno Ocampo.
L’élection s’est tenue en deux tours, le Britannique étant passé à trois voix de la majorité – fixée à 62 voix – lors du premier tour. Il remporte l’élection devant l’Irlandais Fergal Gaynor (42 voix), l’Espagnol Carlos Castresana Fernandez (5 voix) et l’Italien Francesco Lo Voi (3 voix).
Cet avocat spécialiste des droits humains âgé de 50 ans a récemment dirigé une enquête spéciale de l’ONU sur les crimes du groupe État islamique. Il a également exercé dans plusieurs tribunaux internationaux et spéciaux, au Rwanda, en Sierra Leone, au Liban, au Cambodge et en l’ex-Yougoslavie. Il a aussi été le conseil de l’ex-président libérien Charles Taylor, condamné en 2012 à 50 ans de prison pour crimes de guerre et crimes contre l’humanité.
Karim Khan a aussi défendu, devant la CPI, les intérêts de l’ancien vice-président du Kenya, William Ruto, du Congolais Jean-Pierre Bemba et de Saïf al-Islam Kadhafi, le fils de l’ancien dirigeant libyen.
Échec du consensus
Initialement prévue du 7 au 17 décembre, la session de l’Assemblée des États-parties avait été divisée en deux parties distinctes, renvoyant l’élection du procureur au 12 février. La phase de nomination du procureur a été repoussée pas moins de neuf fois, les consultations avec les États-parties ne permettant pas de déboucher sur un consensus.
Quatre candidats avaient été désignés par un comité d’experts. Une nouveauté, censée garantir plus de transparence dans un processus généralement marqué par des tractations intenses entre les États. Des mesures inédites avaient été mises en place par la Cour pour éviter les campagnes privées, comme l’audition filmée des candidats ou la publication de rapports détaillés sur les choix du comité d’experts chargé de la sélection initiale.
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