À la date du 28 avril, le Sénégal a enregistré 87 nouveaux cas positifs. Ce qui porte le nombre total de cas déclarés positifs, depuis le 2 mars 2020, à 823 dont 9 décès et 517 sous traitement. L’apparente maîtrise de la situation, qui a prévalu au début, est en train de céder sa place à un scepticisme ambiant. Plusieurs spécialistes, dont la crédibilité professionnelle ne fait aucun doute, ont émis des mises en garde face à la probabilité d’une accélération de la propagation du virus dans les prochains jours. Ce qu’il faut prendre au sérieux quand on sait, maintenant, que 30 districts sanitaires sont touchés sur les 79 que compte le pays. Si une telle éventualité se produisait, la faute n’incomberait pas aux personnels de la santé. Car Ils ont démontré leur compétence, fait preuve d’engagement et montré un sens du dévouement remarquable. Si nous sommes arrivés à cette situation faite de doutes et d’inquiétudes, c’est parce que, tout simplement, le Gouvernement est plutôt préoccupé par des questions accessoires aux relents pécuniaires et politiques : attribution de marchés, achats de biens et de services, distribution, etc.
Un modèle de financement qui aggravera le niveau d’endettement du pays déjà très élevé.
Toutes les activités relevant du Programme de résilience économique et sociale mis en place par le Gouvernement seront financées par le Fonds de Riposte contre les Effets du COVID-19 (FORCE-COVID-19) créé exclusivement à cet effet. Le FORCE-COVID-19 sera doté de 1 000 milliards de FCFA (1,7 $US), lesquels vont provenir de deux sources : l’État et les donations volontaires. Si ces dernières sont claires, car renvoyant aux sommes reçues au titre d’aides sans aucune contrepartie, le Gouvernement maintient un flou, à dessein, sur ce qui devrait être sa contribution.
S’il est vrai que les sénégalais et les entreprises en activité au Sénégal se sont montrés très généreux, de même que l’Union européenne qui a fait un don non remboursable de 156 millions d’euros (100 milliards FCFA), l’essentiel des sommes reçues ou à recevoir par le FORCE-COVID-19, sont et seront des prêts. C’est ainsi que, le 2 avril 2020, Le Conseil des administrateurs de la Banque mondiale a approuvé, au profit du Sénégal, un crédit de 20 millions $US (12 milliards francs CFA). Le FMI lui a emboîté le pas, le 13 avril 2020, en approuvant un décaissement de 442 millions de dollars près de 250 milliards FCFA au titre de la facilité de crédit rapide et de l’instrument de financement rapide. Auparavant, le 23 mars 2020, la BOAD avait accordé au Sénégal, à l’instar de tous les États membres de l’UEMOA, un prêt de 15 milliards de FCFA avec mise à disposition immédiate. Aujourd’hui, nous apprenons que le Sénégal vient de lever, avec l’appui de la BCEAO, 103 milliards FCFA après l’émission de bons du Trésor, dénommés «Bons Covid-19».
Il est donc établi, de façon claire et nette, que le Sénégal s’endettera, démesurément, pour faire face aux effets multiples et multiformes de la Covid-19. Ce qui n’est pas sans danger pour le pays. Déjà, avant que la covid-19 ne s’introduise au Sénégal, le montant total de la dette publique nominale s’élevait, en décembre 2019, à 9 114 milliards FCFA. Soit un taux d’endettement de 63,3% du PIB. Ce qui est très élevé et très proche du critère de convergence de l’UEMOA, fixé à 70 % du PIB. Pour rappel, ce niveau d’endettement très élevé avait valu au Sénégal, il y a quelques semaines, un avertissement du FMI qui l’a enjoint de ne plus contracter de dette supérieure à 449 milliards FCFA d’ici à la fin de l’année. Face à cette situation, plus que difficile, la pandémie du coronavirus s’est révélée comme une aubaine pour Macky Sall SALL et son Gouvernement. Ils n’ont pas hésité à s’engouffrer dans cette brèche pour faire sauter toutes les limites de l’endettement.
Compter d’abord sur nos propres forces.
Cette façon de procéder de Macky SALL et de son Gouvernement constitue leur principale marque de fabrique : faire du ponce pilatisme. Leur souci principal est de conserver leurs privilèges et de continuer à jouir du pouvoir. Voilà pourquoi ils ont choisi, sans réfléchir, la solution la plus facile et la plus conforme à leurs propres intérêts, mais la plus dangereuse pour le Sénégal : le creusement de l’endettement. Ils auraient dû commencer par une épreuve de rationalisation budgétaire en coupant dans le gras du fonctionnement de l’État : réduction drastique des fonds politiques, voire leur suppression, la dissolution des institutions et agences budgétivores qui ne servent qu’à recaser une clientèle politique CESE, HCCT, etc. , la réduction du train de vie de l’État, la limitation du parc automobile de l’État, le gel des missions à l’étranger, l’arrêt des embauches dans la Fonction publique, la suppression de toutes les activités sans plus-value, etc. Pour économiser 7 milliards de FCFA par an et consacrer les sommes amassées à la lutte contre les inondations, Macky SALL n’avait pas hésité à supprimer le Sénat. Aujourd’hui, on parle de lutte contre les effets de la covid-19, laquelle nécessiterait 1 000 milliards de FCFA, il s’assoit sur ses privilèges et demande au peuple de trinquer. Trouvez l’incohérence, voire le sens de l’irresponsabilité !
Par Cheikh FAYE, Ph.D
Professeur / UQAC (Canada)
Membre de la Cellule de veille stratégique sur la pandémie du Covid-19 – Republique des Valeurs
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