Plan De Relance Les Principales Mesures Décidées Par Jean Castex

Le Premier ministre français a présenté ce jeudi matin en conseil des ministres le plan de relance pour sortir la France de la crise post-Covid-19. À l’issue de la réunion du gouvernement, Jean Castex a tenu une conférence de presse lors de laquelle il a décliné un plan de relance afin de redresser l’économie française fortement affectée par la Covid-19.

Pour relancer l’économie française, réindustrialiser le pays, créer des emplois et accélérer la transition écologique, le Premier ministre, Jean Castex, doit détailler, jeudi 3 septembre, un plan à 100 milliards d’euros sur deux ans. Autour de trois volets, ce plan baptisé « France Relance », déploie des mesures tous azimuts en faveur de nombreux secteurs. Voici les principales décisions déjà connues.

Compétitivité — 35 milliards d’euros

Baisse pérenne de 10 milliards d’euros des impôts de production (soit 20 milliards sur les deux ans du plan de relance), via notamment une réduction de moitié de la contribution sur la valeur ajoutée des entreprises (soit 7 milliards) et la baisse de moitié des impôts fonciers pesant sur les sites industriels. Cette baisse des impôts de production bénéficiera à 42 % aux entreprises de taille intermédiaire (ETI), à 32 % aux PME et à 26 % aux grandes entreprises selon le gouvernement.

3 milliards d’euros de soutien aux fonds propres des entreprises, via une garantie publique associée aux prêts participatifs accordés par les banques ou à des fonds qui seraient labellisés par l’État. Le gouvernement espère ainsi créer un effet de levier et mobiliser le secteur bancaire entre 10 et 15 milliards d’euros.

L’État subventionnera à hauteur d’1 milliard d’euros le développement industriel sur les territoires, soit 400 millions d’euros pour le dispositif existant des territoires d’industrie et 600 millions pour un appel à projet sur la relocalisation de productions en France.

11 milliards d’euros prévus dans le prochain Programme d’investissements d’avenir (PIA) seront fléchés vers le plan de relance et concerneront notamment des aides à l’innovation de Bpifrance.

385 millions d’euros seront alloués à la transition numérique des TPE et PME.

Le gouvernement a également évoqué ces dernières semaines des aides à l’export et des simplifications administratives pour accélérer la reprise de l’activité.

Transition écologique — 30 milliards d’euros

Les transports bénéficieront de 11 milliards d’euros, dont 4,7 milliards d’euros affectés à la SNCF afin de redévelopper le fret ferroviaire, en particulier la ligne Perpignan-Rungis, les petites lignes et deux lignes de trains de nuit. Le reste ira à un plan vélo et aux transports publics.

Près de 7 milliards d’euros sont mobilisés pour la rénovation énergétique des bâtiments : 4 milliards pour les bâtiments publics (écoles, université, etc.) et 2 milliards pour les ménages via la prime Maprimerénov’ qui sera accessible à tous les ménages, sans plafond de revenus, à partir du 1er janvier 2021. Le gouvernement veut notamment viser les rénovations globales, plus efficaces en terme d’économie d’énergie, ainsi que les bailleurs et les copropriétés, là où les travaux sont les plus difficiles à déclencher.

9 milliards seront affectés à l’accompagnement des entreprises dans leur transition énergétique, notamment via la recherche et l’innovation, dont 2 milliards pour développer l’hydrogène « vert », c’est-à-dire non issu des hydrocarbures.

Le développement d’une agriculture plus durable et d’une alimentation plus saine bénéficiera d’aides de 1,2 milliard d’euros.

300 millions d’euros iront à l’accélération de la rénovation des réseaux d’eau, en particulier outremer.

Cohésion sociale et territoriale — 35 milliards d’euros

Un plan pour l’emploi des jeunes, doté de 6,5 milliards d’euros déjà votés cet été, comprend notamment l’aide de 4 000 euros pour toute embauche d’un jeune de moins de 26 ans pour un contrat de trois mois minimum, les primes pour l’embauche de jeunes en alternance, les contrats d’insertion ou le service civique étendu.

Un « bouclier anti-chômage » sera déployé via l’activité partielle de longue durée (6,6 milliards) et un renforcement des moyens du dispositif FNE-Formation, axé notamment sur les secteurs d’avenir (1 milliard).

5,2 milliards d’euros iront soutenir l’investissement des collectivités.

Environ 6 milliards d’euros pour le soutien à l’investissement des hôpitaux.

Environ 500 millions d’euros pour l’augmentation de 100 euros de l’allocation de rentrée scolaire.

Le plan pauvreté et anti-exclusion sera doté de 200 millions d’euros supplémentaires.

350 millions iront financer la rénovation de ponts en danger sur les territoires

Author: S. N. NIASS

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