La France a suspendu à titre conservatoire les opérations militaires conjointes avec les forces maliennes, a-t-on appris jeudi 3 juin auprès du ministère français des Armées, précisant que cette décision était liée à la transition politique en cours au Mali et qu’elle serait réévaluée dans les prochains jours.
« Des exigences et des lignes rouges ont été posées » par la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Cédéao) et l’Union africaine pour « clarifier le cadre de la transition politique au Mali », a dit le ministère. « Il revient aux autorités maliennes d’y répondre rapidement ».
« Dans l’attente de ces garanties, la France (…) a décidé de suspendre, à titre conservatoire et temporaire, les opérations militaires conjointes avec les forces maliennes ainsi que les missions nationales de conseil à leur profit » », a-t-il ajouté. « Ces décisions seront réévaluées dans les jours à venir au regard des réponses qui seront fournies par les autorités maliennes ».
Sur le terrain depuis un moment, les deux armées mènent ensemble la lutte contre le terrorisme, contribuant notamment à la montée en puissance de l’armée malienne. Jusqu’à nouvel ordre, on ne verra donc plus les deux armées opérer ensemble dans le Sahel. Autre décision de la France : les coopérants français rattachés au ministère malien de la Défense se retirent pour le moment. Ces mesures ont été annoncées à la hiérarchie militaire, reconnaît un officier en poste au ministère de la Défense.
Paris insiste sur une transition inclusive
En prenant ces mesures, la France veut clairement exiger une transition inclusive qui doit s’achever dans neuf mois. Le caractère républicain de l’État est une autre exigence de la France qui affirme qu’elle ne restera pas au Mali si à l’islamisme prend le dessus sur la démocratie. Plusieurs personnalités civiles et militaires interrogées à Bamako par notre correspondant Serge Daniel ne cachent pas que tout sera fait pour respecter les engagements afin que les mesures de suspension soient levées.
Cette annonce intervient après qu’Emmanuel Macron a déclaré dans un entretien au Journal du Dimanche que la question d’un retrait de l’armée française au Mali se posait après le nouveau putsch militaire survenu à Bamako en mai. Le chef de l’État a souligné par ailleurs en début de semaine que l’armée française ne pouvait combattre à elle seule le terrorisme au Sahel et que sa présence sur le terrain nécessitait le renforcement d’institutions stables et légitimes.
Le président et le Premier ministre intérimaires du Mali ont démissionné la semaine dernière, deux jours après leur arrestation par l’armée malienne successive à un remaniement ministériel, amplifiant la crise politique dans le pays.
Les Partenariats militaires opérationnels (PMO), pièce maîtresse du dispositif
La coopération militaire avec le Mali est essentielle dans la lutte contre les groupes terroristes, puisque les Partenariats militaires opérationnels ont pour ambition de former l’armée malienne et de l’accompagner au combat. Cette suspension est un coup de tonnerre sur le théâtre sahélien. Car grâce aux PMO, les forces armées maliennes ont réussi, progressivement, à revenir dans le jeu. Et pour y parvenir, le chemin fut difficile, il a presque fallu partir d’une page blanche. En 2013, en effet, les Fama étaient exsangues, et jusqu’à fin 2019, face à la poussée agressive des groupes terroristes, ils accumulaient encore les revers.
Le sommet de Pau, en janvier 2020, a donc fait de la coopération militaire l’un de ses piliers. L’objectif était alors de redonner confiance aux soldats maliens, de leur offrir des victoires comme disait l’état-major français. Et pour permettre aux forces maliennes de monter en gamme, Barkhane a reçu pour instruction, non seulement d’entraîner les régiments maliens, mais surtout de les accompagner aux combats.
Depuis 18 mois, cette coopération a pris de l’ampleur et connu quelques succès. Sur les trois groupements tactiques interarmes qu’elle déploie, la force Barkhane en consacre un aux seuls Partenariats militaires opérationnels au bénéfice des forces armées maliennes et nigériennes. Depuis le sommet de Pau, l’autonomisation des forces sahéliennes, est au cœur de la stratégie française. L’avenir de la force Barkhane dépend donc de cette coopération militaire.
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