Le président Macky Sall a dénoncé, la semaine dernière, les « recrutements anarchiques » dans la fonction publique sénégalaise. C’était lors de son allocution prononcée au cours de la cérémonie de remise de la certification à la norme ISO 9001-2015 à la Direction des moyens généraux (DMG) de la présidence de la République. Il donnait l’impression de découvrir un mal endémique susceptible de compromettre tous les efforts et réformes initiés depuis quelques années. Cette fausse impression n’est que pure comédie. En effet, ce n’est pas la première fois que Macky Sall, face au peuple sénégalais, tente de se défausser sur ses collaborateurs ou de feindre la surprise devant des situations désastreuses qu’il a lui-même provoquées. En somme, une habitude chez lui, voire un style de management digne de Ponce Pilate.
Les statistiques officielles relatives aux effectifs et à la masse salariale dans la fonction publique sénégalaise sont révélatrices d’une gestion déprédatrice, partisane et inéquitable des recrutements dans la fonction publique à laquelle Macky Sall s’est livrée depuis son arrivée au pouvoir ! En effet, une analyse lucide et objective de ces statistiques montre, sans ambages, que Macky Sall a explosé tous les verrous, critères et règles de bonne gouvernance qui président à une gestion saine et efficace des effectifs de la fonction publique. Les chiffres ci-après le prouvent de façon irréfutable.
Sinistre record : le Sénégal dépasse la norme de convergence de l’UEMOA
Selon les statistiques rendues publiques par la Direction de la prévision et des études économiques (DPEE) du Ministère de l’économie, du plan et de la coopération, lorsque Macky Sall arrivait au pouvoir, en avril 2012, la fonction publique sénégalaise comptait exactement 92 230 agents. Au 31 décembre de la même année, les effectifs étaient passés à 95 779 agents. Soit une augmentation de 3 549 agents en moins de 8 mois d’exercice du pouvoir ! En 2012, la masse salariale des 95 779 agents de la fonction publique représentait 457,8 milliards FCFA. Soit 34,5 % des recettes fiscales de l’État, donc un niveau proche de la limite du critère de convergence (ratio de la masse salariale sur les recettes fiscales) prévu par l’article 8 du Pacte de convergence, de stabilité, de croissance et de solidarité entre les États membres de l’UEMOA (35 %). Au 31 décembre 2020, les effectifs de la fonction publique sénégalaise étaient de 153 067 agents avec une masse salariale de 823,2 milliards de francs CFA. Soit 34,8 % des recettes fiscales de l’État. La progression ne s’est pas estompée en 2021. Selon les chiffres provisoires (du 1er janvier au 31 octobre 2021, soit 10 mois d’exercice), tous les records sont déjà battus et le plafond du critère de convergence a sauté ! En effet, au 31 octobre 2021, la fonction publique sénégalaise compte 159 256 agents. Soit une progression de 60 % des effectifs comparativement à l’année 2012. Un sinistre record en moins de 10 ans d’exercice du pouvoir ! Pire, les 159 256 agents de la fonction publique ont déjà reçu 746,6 milliards FCFA en traitements et salaires. Ce qui représente 37,4 % des recettes fiscales, soit un net dépassement du critère de convergence de l’UEMOA. Tout laisse croire que les chiffres consolidés au 31 décembre (avec la prise en compte des mois de novembre et de décembre) feraient apparaître un dépassement largement supérieur, preuve d’une gestion catastrophique et désastreuse des recrutements dans la fonction publique.
Des recrutements complaisants et clientélistes
Comment le Sénégal est-il arrivé à cette situation calamiteuse, inique, ou moins de 1 % de la population s’accapare plus de 823 milliards FCFA du budget national ?
Avant de répondre à cette question, il semble utile de rappeler, pour mettre en relief le caractère catastrophique des pratiques de recrutement de Macky Sall, qu’en 2000, lorsque survenait la première alternance, la fonction publique sénégalaise comptait 65 887 agents pour une masse salariale de 135,3 milliards FCFA représentant 25,3 % des recettes fiscales de l’époque. Après 12 ans de règne, le régime d’Abdoulaye Wade a laissé en héritage une fonction publique de 92 230 agents. Soit un accroissement de 26 343 agents correspondant à une variation de 40 % comparativement à l’an 2000. D’avril 2012 au 31 octobre 2021, Macky a fait croître la fonction publique sénégalaise de 67 026 agents ! Soit plus que du double comparativement au régime de Wade et près de 60 % de plus par rapport à 2012.
Cet accroissement vertigineux des recrutements sous Macky Sall ne se justifie pas seulement par les régularisations opérées dans certains corps notamment ceux des enseignants ni par les différents programmes de renforcement des effectifs dans quelques secteurs particuliers (forces de sécurité et de défense, santé, etc.). Ces recrutements, tout à fait justifiés, ne constituent qu’un paravent. Non plus, comme certains thuriféraires du régime essaient de le faire croire, ces recrutements massifs ne découlent pas des nouveaux programmes d’insertion professionnelle initiés par le gouvernement tel que, par exemple, le programme « xeuyou ndaw gni », car les jeunes recrutés dans ces programmes ne relèvent pas de la fonction publique.
Les recrutements anarchiques auxquels nous assistons découlent tout simplement d’un modèle politique déprédateur mis en place, sciemment, par Macky Sall au niveau de la présidence de la République et reproduit, à tous les échelons, par les dignitaires de son parti ou de sa coalition, nommés à des fonctions politiques ou à des emplois publics de direction.
Au niveau de la présidence de la République, Macky Sall a mis en place une galaxie de courtisans et de prébendiers de tout acabit sous des appellations fanfaronnes, pompeuses et vides de sens : ministres d’État sans portefeuille, conseillers spéciaux, envoyés spéciaux, ministres-conseillers, chargés de missions, ambassadeurs itinérants etc. À quelques exceptions près, toutes les personnes affublées de ces titres n’apportent rien à l’État et vivent aux dépens des deniers publics. Leur nomination n’obéit qu’à des considérations politiciennes et, surtout, au désir leur offrir les moyens de se livrer, quotidiennement, à la politique avec les maigres ressources de l’État. Ce modèle est reproduit dans la quasi-totalité des départements ministériels et au sein des directions nationales pour caser des militants(es) qui n’apportent rien à la mission confiée à ces structures.
Dans un pays où tout est priorité, il est inadmissible de politiser les recrutements dans la fonction publique. Les critères de besoin, de compétence, de mérite, d’efficacité et d’efficience devraient prévaloir et être au-dessus de toute considération partisane. Il n’est pas, non plus, acceptable que le Sénégal manque de médecins, d’infirmiers(ères), de sage-femmes, d’enseignants(es), etc. alors que plusieurs sénégalais(es) bien formés(es) dans ces professions peinent à sortir du chômage ou d’emplois précaires. Voilà le paradoxe du Sénégal sous Macky Sall, mais il dit ne pas être au courant !
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