Tristesse et déshonneur! Les mots ne sont pas appropriés pour traduire le sentiment des nigériens avec lesquels Dakaractu s’est entretenu sur la situation de leurs compatriotes qui occupent certaines artères de la capitale du Sénégal sous prétexte de fuir la famine.
Selon plusieurs interlocuteurs de Dakaractu, cette activité qui s’apparente à la mendicité exportée est entretenue par des réseaux qui viennent d’une même région. Un trafic qui n’est visiblement pas à son apogée puisque début mars, une quarantaine de nigériens ont été interceptés à Kidira alors qu’ils étaient en partance pour Dakar. Les convoyeurs ont été jugés et condamnés à 2 ans dont 6 mois ferme de prison.
Le département d’État américain faisait état dans son rapport de juin 2021 sur la traite des personnes que « les trafiquants d’êtres humains exploitent des victimes nationales et étrangères au Niger. » Le même rapport révèle que « les trafiquants exploitent des victimes nigériennes à l’étranger. » « Les pratiques d’esclavage héréditaires et de caste perpétuées par des chefs tribaux politiquement influents se sont poursuivies en 2020. Certains groupes ethniques arabes, zjermas et touaregs propagent des formes traditionnelles de servitude fondées sur la caste dans les régions de Tillabéri et de Taoua, ainsi que le long de la frontière avec le Nigeria. Les familles peuvent exploiter les victimes de l’esclavage héréditaire dans l’esclavage, l’agriculture à petite échelle ou la servitude domestique…», diagnostiquent les américains selon lesquels « les trafiquants au Niger exploitent principalement des enfants et des femmes nigériens ainsi que des victimes d’Afrique de l’Ouest et d’Afrique centrale, dans le cadre de la traite sexuelle et du travail. Les sans-abris nigériens de Dakar sont constitués de couples mais rien n’indique que les enfants qui constituent une bonne partie de la colonie sont les leurs.
De son côté, le gouvernement nigérien exprime sa surprise d’autant qu’il trouve que « la présence de ces personnes n’a aucun rapport avec la situation sécuritaire lié au terrorisme ou au déficit alimentaire. »
Joint par téléphone, l’ambassadeur du Niger a confié à Dakaractu que « toutes les dispositions sont en train d’être prises pour solutionner ce phénomène ».
Pour le moment, rien n’est encore fait. Les sans-abris occupent toujours le Boulevard du Canal 4 de Fass- Gueule Tapée et à notre arrivée ce 22 mars un peu avant la tombée de la nuit, étaient plus méfiants vis à vis de la presse.
Réagissant à cette affaire, l’association des nigériens de la Bceao s’oppose à tout octroi de statut de réfugié à leurs compatriotes et rejette la proposition de camp pour les y recevoir. Mais un membre d’une organisation de défense des droits de l’homme réclame un traitement serein de la question pour des décisions réfléchies.
La mendicité n’est pas l’apanage des nigériens
Quelle que soit l’issue de cette affaire, il est utile de préciser que la mendicité a la peau dure sous les cieux sénégalais et qu’il n’est pas l’apanage de ressortissants du Niger. Le département d’État américain rapporte en 2021 qu’au Sénégal, « ces cinq années, des trafiquants d’êtres humains exploitent les victimes nationales et étrangères ». Le même rapport fait remarquer qu’une ONG a estimé que 100 000 enfants vivant dans les daaras résidentiels sont contraints à mendier. Dans ce nombre, 30 000 seraient recensés à Dakar. Le département d’État ajoute qu’en 2017, une étude a estimé que plus de 14 800 enfants sont victimes de la mendicité à Saint-Louis. Dans le cadre de ses efforts pour identifier et protéger les victimes de la traite, le gouvernement sénégalais a identifié et orienté vers les services appropriés 129 adultes étrangers victimes de la traite en provenance de Sierra Leone, du Nigeria et du Burkina Faso. 6.187 enfants, dont des victimes potentielles de la traite, sont concernés par cette mesure contre 1.358 enfants au cours de la période précédente…
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